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Why are Savannahs considered an important ecological system worldwide?

Zina Scanlon

Savannahs are no ordinary ecosystems. They are dynamic landscapes composed of vast expanses of tall grasses interspersed with occasional trees. But why are these seemingly simple habitats so important to the world?

Well, to start with, savannahs cover about 20% of the Earth's surface. That means that if you take a plane ride or even go on a road trip, chances are you will come across a savannah somewhere along the way. These landscapes are critically important not only for their unique beauty but also for their ecological significance.

One of the most essential functions of savannahs is the role that they play in carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas primarily responsible for climate change, from the atmosphere. Savannahs are incredibly efficient at sequestering carbon, as they have some of the deepest and most extensive root systems of any ecosystem. These roots lock carbon in the soil for up to 100 years. In fact, savannahs have the potential to sequester up to 30% of the world's carbon emissions.

Another important function of savannahs is their role in supporting biodiversity. Savannahs are home to a wide range of species, including large herbivores like elephants and giraffes, large carnivores like lions and hyenas, and a vast array of insects, birds, and reptiles. These ecosystems support more than 500 species of woody plants and are the primary habitat for many bird species.

It's also important to note that savannahs play a huge role in supporting local communities around the world. In many parts of Africa, for example, savannahs provide essential resources such as food, fuel, and building materials. They also support ecotourism, creating jobs and generating income for local economies.

Sadly, savannahs are under threat from a variety of human activities. Overgrazing by livestock, unsustainably harvesting of fuelwood, and poaching of wildlife are all contributing to the degradation of these critical ecosystems.

In conclusion, Savannahs are much more than just pretty landscapes. They provide vital functions to our planet, supporting biodiversity, sequestering carbon, and providing essential resources for local communities. Rather than just admiring their beauty from afar, we need to actively work to protect these critical landscapes, for the sake of our planet and future generations.