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How has deontological ethics been used to justify actions in historical situations, such as during wartime or political revolutions?

Chad Stearndale

Deontological ethics, also known as duty-based ethics, has been a fundamental framework used to justify actions in historical situations. It maintains that actions must be based on moral rules and principles irrespective of their consequences. Therefore, deontological ethics can be used as a justification for actions during wartime or political revolutions, especially when the end goal does not justify the means.

During wartime, deontological ethics is critical in justifying actions. For instance, soldiers have to follow particular rules and regulations when engaging in battle. The Geneva Conventions outlines the rules of engagement and treatment of prisoners of war. Such rules are based on the fundamental principle of preserving human dignity, regardless of their affiliation. It implies that soldiers have moral duties that go beyond their country or army allegiance, and hence they should treat enemies with respect and humane treatment. Thus, deontological ethics plays a crucial role in limiting the extent to which soldiers can use war tactics or techniques that violate human rights.

Similarly, during political revolutions, deontological ethics has been used to justify actions that aim to achieve political freedom, justice, and equity. One of the most significant political revolutions where deontological ethics played a central role was the American Revolution in the 18th century. The American Revolution aimed to establish a democratic government and uphold individual rights such as liberty and property rights. Leaders such as Thomas Jefferson and John Adams argued that individuals have a moral obligation to resist tyranny and uphold their basic rights. The Declaration of Independence highlighted the importance of moral duties and rights that no government or individual could violate, irrespective of the political situation.

In conclusion, deontological ethics has played a significant role in the justification of actions during historical situations. Whether in times of war or political revolutions, moral duties and principles have played a central role in the decision-making process. This framework ensures that actors act in ways that preserve human dignity, individual rights, and uphold ethical principles, irrespective of the consequences. Therefore, deontological ethics remains a relevant framework in contemporary society, guiding moral decisions that go beyond the individual and produce good for society as a whole.