• Philosophy -> Epistemology and Theory of Knowledge

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Is there a specific epistemic attitude that leads to intellectual closed-mindedness?

Edrie Yelland

Well, that's a great question! From what I've read and observed, I think there can definitely be certain attitudes that lead to intellectual closed-mindedness.

One attitude that comes to mind is what psychologists call "need for closure." This refers to the desire to come to a quick conclusion and feel certain about something, even in the absence of complete evidence. People with high levels of need for closure may be less likely to consider new information or alternative perspectives, which can lead to closed-mindedness. Studies have suggested that individuals with high need for closure tend to hold more extreme and less nuanced opinions, and are less open to changing their minds on those opinions.

Another attitude that can contribute to closed-mindedness is what some call "dogmatism." This refers to the tendency to hold onto a belief no matter what, even in the face of conflicting evidence or logical arguments. Someone who is dogmatic may be less willing to engage with alternative perspectives or ideas, and may be more likely to dismiss opposing views. Research has shown that increased dogmatism is associated with decreased willingness to engage in critical thinking and problem solving.

Of course, it's worth noting that these attitudes are not always negative. Need for closure can help us make efficient decisions in certain situations where speed is important, while dogmatism can help us feel a sense of security and belonging in our beliefs. But in excess, they can certainly lead to intellectual closed-mindedness.

Ultimately, I think the key to avoiding closed-mindedness is to be aware of these tendencies and actively work to counteract them. It's important to remain open to new ideas and perspectives, to consider alternative viewpoints even if they challenge our beliefs, and to engage in critical thinking and evaluation of evidence. Doing so can not only help us avoid closed-mindedness, but can also lead to more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the world around us.