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How has the field of biochemistry evolved over time and what challenges remain?

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Over time, the field of biochemistry has evolved significantly. With the advancement of technology and research methods, new discoveries have been made, leading to a better understanding of life processes at a molecular level. Biochemistry has gone beyond being a mere academic discipline and has emerged as an essential field in devising advancements in the healthcare industry. In the beginning, biochemistry was more of a sub-section of biology and chemistry. However, with the passing years, it has become its own field of study.

A significant development that has occurred in biochemistry is the emergence of the concept of molecular biology. Over the past few decades, researchers have gained a much deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms underpinning various life processes, such as the genetic structure of viruses, cytokinesis, and cell differentiation. The tools and techniques used in molecular biology have also led to the discovery of techniques like cloning, PCR amplification, and the gene-editing tool, CRISPR-Cas 9 that have revolutionized the field of medicine.

Biochemistry has also played an important role in understanding the body's metabolism. The discovery of the Krebs cycle and elucidation of cellular respiration paved the way for advances in treating various disorders like lactose intolerance, celiac disease, and pyruvate kinase deficiency. As a result of the advancements in biochemistry, today, we have a much clearer understanding of how metabolic pathways work, leading to the development of new therapies and drugs.

Although biochemistry has come a long way, there are still many challenges that remain. One of the most significant challenges is understanding how to pinpoint specific cells within the body to target therapy without the toxicity of the treatment affecting healthy cells. Another challenge is the issue of microbiome and the effect of drugs on the body's microbial composition. Understanding the relationship between the microbes in the human body and the drugs we use will be key to developing personalized treatments for patients.

In conclusion, biochemistry has come a long way and has revolutionized the field of medicine and healthcare industry as a whole. Initially, biochemistry was a sub-section of biology and chemistry, but with the passage of time, it has managed to establish its identity as an essential field of study. The challenges that remain will require significant and innovative research and collaboration between researchers in different fields. As advances continue to be made in technology, there is hope for new discoveries that will shape the future of biochemistry.