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Are there different types of advocacy, and if so, how do they differ in terms of impact and approach?

Darline Prichard

There are indeed different types of advocacy, each with its unique impact and approach. The five main types of advocacy are self-advocacy, citizen advocacy, systems advocacy, legal advocacy and issue-based advocacy.

Self-advocacy is a process by which individuals identify their own needs and interests and then make decisions based on those needs. This type of advocacy can lead to greater independence and personal growth. Self-advocacy is a useful skill for individuals with disabilities, but it is also relevant for anyone who wants to navigate complex social systems more effectively.

Citizen advocacy focuses on relationships between an individual and someone who is outside of their immediate circle of friends and family. Citizen advocates are volunteers who are trained to build supportive relationships with people who face social isolation, discrimination or other forms of mistreatment. Citizen advocacy aims to help individuals assert their rights, gain access to resources, and take greater control of their lives.

Systems advocacy, on the other hand, focuses on changing policies, practices and structures within larger organizations such as government agencies, schools or hospitals. Systems advocacy seeks to address issues that affect many people at once by working to change laws, policies and practices that perpetuate discrimination, inequity or injustice.

Legal advocacy involves using the legal system to protect and promote people's rights. Legal advocates may help individuals navigate the legal system, represent them in legal proceedings, or work to influence laws and policies that affect their clients. Legal advocacy is often used to address issues such as discrimination, workplace harassment, or criminal justice reform.

Finally, issue-based advocacy is focused on specific causes or campaigns. Examples of issue-based advocacy include environmental advocacy, animal rights advocacy, or advocacy for political change. Issue-based advocates may use a variety of tactics to raise awareness, influence public opinion, or effect policy change.

The impact and approach of each type of advocacy will vary depending on the specific context in which it is applied. Self-advocacy has the potential to empower individuals and promote greater independence, while citizen advocacy may provide essential support and advocacy for some of society's most vulnerable members. Systems advocacy has the potential to address issues that impact a large number of people, while legal advocacy can provide recourse and protection for individuals facing injustices. Issue-based advocacy may be helpful in raising awareness and promoting specific policy changes related to certain campaigns or issues.

Each type of advocacy may be more or less effective depending on the specific circumstances in which it is applied. However, the common thread that runs through all types of advocacy is the desire to promote justice, equality, and fairness for all individuals.