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How do cultural beliefs about gender impact the experience of male and female refugees?

Erby Klebes

Cultural beliefs about gender play a substantial role in shaping the experiences of male and female refugees. The challenges that refugees face are immense, but when combined with gender-based mistreatment and discrimination, they can be even more significant. Gender is a significant determinant of how both males and females refugees live and cope in their new environments.

For male refugees, societal expectations of masculinity can lead to prejudices and discrimination. In many cultures, men are viewed as heads of households and are expected to provide for their families. When they flee their homes as refugees, they may struggle to cope with the new environment, especially if they are unable to fulfill these traditional roles. These gender expectations can lead to feelings of shame and failure. Furthermore, male refugees may find it difficult to adapt to new cultural norms of masculinity. Some countries adopt a toxic idea of masculinity that may require refugees to prove their masculinity through acts of violence or bravado. This increased pressure to conform can lead to violent and harmful behaviors.

For female refugees, the experience can be even more challenging due to cultural norms and beliefs about gender roles. In many cultures, women are expected to be subservient to men and care for their children. As refugees, women face unique challenges, such as accessing healthcare and education, and finding employment. Women also face increased risks of sexual exploitation and gender-based violence. These challenges are compounded by patriarchal cultural beliefs that place women in subordinate positions.

Cultural beliefs about gender also shape the way that refugees are received by host communities. Male refugees are often viewed as a threat to host communities, particularly if they are from countries with a history of conflict. Host communities may view these men through the lens of cultural stereotypes and racism, where all men from conflict-ridden regions are considered violent and aggressive. This perception can lead to discrimination and abuse.

Female refugees, on the other hand, are viewed through the lens of gender-based stereotypes. They are often seen as passive victims in need of help, rather than people who can contribute to society. This perception can lead to stereotypes that undermine the resilience and agency of female refugees, leading to increased marginalization and vulnerability.

In conclusion, cultural beliefs about gender play a significant role in shaping the experiences of male and female refugees. These beliefs can shape the way refugees are received by host communities and can exacerbate the challenges of starting new lives in a foreign country. Therefore, it’s crucial to devise innovative strategies that address gender-based discrimination and promote equal opportunities for all refugees. Ultimately, helping refugees to overcome these challenges can offer a positive and transformative experience for both refugees and host communities.