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What impact has conservatism had on modern and contemporary history?

Samir Lempke

Conservatism has had a significant impact on modern and contemporary history, taking on various forms throughout different periods. The ideology of conservatism generally stands for preserving traditional values and institutions, promoting individual freedom, and adhering to the idea of limited government efficiency. Conservative movements and policies have played a crucial role in shaping the world we live in today.

One of the most significant impacts of conservatism in modern history is the rise of the conservative movement in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States, also known as the New Right. Its followers sought to restore traditional values, such as religion, family, and individual responsibility, which they believed were threatened by liberals, hippies, and counterculture. This movement was fuelled by deeply conservative figures such as William F. Buckley Jr. and Ronald Reagan, who later became the US president.

Conservatism has also had a strong influence on economic policy, with the promotion of laissez-faire economics and capitalist systems. In the 1980s and 1990s, neoliberalism took hold, which emphasised the deregulation of industries and lower taxes as a way to increase economic growth. This approach to economics was championed by figures such as Margaret Thatcher in the UK and Ronald Reagan in the USA.

However, conservatism has also faced criticisms from many who argue that it has been used to protect outdated and oppressive institutions in society. Some look at features, such as the subjugation of women, racial segregation, and homophobia, which have been perpetuated by some conservative policies.

In contemporary times, conservatism is making a resurgence around the world. In the United States, Donald Trump represented a shift in the Republican Party's outlook, which often embraced the values of protectionism and populism. Similarly, in the UK, Brexit represents a conservative shift, as parties advocating for leaving the EU gained significant support.

Most recently, the rise of authoritarianism in countries such as Hungary under Viktor Orbán and Turkey under Erdogan indicates that conservatism is being employed in contexts that pose a threat to democratic values and institutions.

In conclusion, conservatism has had both positive and negative impacts on modern and contemporary history. While it has contributed to maintaining traditional values and promoting economic growth, it has also been criticised for its perpetuation of oppressive institutions. As conservative ideologies continue to affect societies worldwide, it is essential to carefully evaluate their impact and ensure that they do not cause injustices or threaten democratic values.